The General Data Protection Regulation took effect in May 2018. Eight years and several billion euros in fines later, the regulation has reshaped the global privacy landscape — though not always in the ways its drafters intended.

Active Directory turns 26 this year, runs identity for nearly every enterprise on the planet, and is the single most-targeted system in modern intrusions. Here is how attackers exploit it and the controls that meaningfully change the equation.

CVSS scores tell you how bad a vulnerability could be in theory. EPSS scores tell you how likely it is to be exploited. KEV tells you it already is. Combining them is how mature security teams prioritise patching.

Software supply-chain attacks have moved from theoretical to commonplace. SolarWinds, Codecov, 3CX, the npm ecosystem incidents, and the XZ Utils backdoor each show a different way the chain breaks. Here is how the threat has evolved and what defenders can actually do.

The first sixty minutes of a confirmed security incident decide most of the next sixty days. Here is the operational playbook — what to do, what not to do, who to call, and what evidence to preserve.

Most cloud breaches are not zero-days. They are misconfigurations — the wrong S3 bucket policy, the over-permissive IAM role, the forgotten storage account. The Cloud Security Alliance’s 2024 Top Threats report and the CISA cloud advisories tell a consistent story.

Almost every major breach in the past five years could have been prevented by a patch released months earlier. Here is why patching keeps failing as an organisational practice and how the better operators run it differently.

Modern phishing is not the misspelled-prince email of legend. It is a multi-stage, infrastructure-heavy operation with adversary-in-the-middle proxies, legitimate cloud abuse, and AI-generated copy. Here is what a 2026 campaign actually looks like, end to end.

Not all multi-factor authentication is equal. SMS codes, authenticator apps, push notifications, and hardware security keys defend against very different attacks — and only some of them survive a determined phisher in 2026.

Zero Trust is the most-used and least-understood security buzzword of the decade. Here is what it actually means, where the original NIST model came from, and how to evaluate whether a vendor is selling you the architecture or just the sticker.